Common Eye Problems, Diseases, and Disorders

In this article, we explore the top 25 most common eye problems, diseases, and disorders, including diagrams,  definitions, and explanations for common eye diseases. The eye is a small but unique organ of the human body with the ability to visualize a lifetime of events.  

Our eyes are important organs of the human body and deliver the visual system. They provide us with vision in order to process visual details and images, detect and convert light into electrochemical impulses fired into neurons. In this article, we explore with the most common eye problems, diseases, and disorders that can affect our sight. 

Anatomy of the Eye: Labelled Diagram

When you look into the mirror, the most noticeable parts of the eye include the following: 

• Iris: The iris is where people note the different eye colors we have. Brown, blue, green, black, hazel. 
• Cornea: The cornea is a clear dome lying right over the iris. 
• Pupil: The pupil is the black circular opening in the iris that dilates to let the light in, especially in a dark room, and constricts into pinpoint pupils when looking at a light source like the sun.  
• Sclera: The sclera is the white part of our eyeballs. 
• Conjunctiva: The conjunctiva is a tissue layer that covers the entire surface of our eyes, except for the cornea. 

Disorders and Diseases of Vision: Diplopia, Hyperopia, Myopia, Nyctalopia, Amblyopia, Presbyopia, Macular Degeneration

Amblyopia

dimness of vision or partial loss of sight without detectable disease of the eye

Eyes from Avatar!

Eyelid Disorders and Diseases: Blepharitis, Blepharoptosis, Chalazion, Keratitis 

Blepharitis

inflammation of the eyelids

Blepharoptosis

drooping of the eyelid

 

Keratitis

inflammation of the eyelids

 

A starry supernova in that eye!

Cornea Disorders and Diseases: Astigmatism, Corneal Abrasion, Refractive Disorder, Xerophthalmia 

Astigmatism

irregular focusing of light rays caused by a nonspheroid cornea

Eye Disorders and Diseases: Nystagmus vs Strabismus 

Nystagmus

repetitive involuntary movement of the eye

 

Strabismus

“lazy eye”; inability of both eyes to focus on the same thing

 

 Meow! Hey there handsome, you got my eyes all cross-eyed just looking at you 😉 

Eye Disorders and Diseases: Cataract, Conjunctivitis, Exopthalmos, Hordeolum

Cataract

opaqueness, cloudiness of the lens of the eye

Conjunctivitis

pinkeye; inflammation of the conjuctiva

 

Exopthalmos

abnormal protrusion of the eye

 

Hordeolum

stye; infection of the sebaceous gland of eye

 

Retina Disorders and Diseases: Glaucoma, Detached Retina, Retinal Detachment, Retinopathy 

Glaucoma

accumulation of fluid in the eye; increases pressure, which can cause damage to the retina and the optic nerve

 

Detached retina

retina is pulled away from its normal position of being attached to the choroid in the back of the eye

 

Retinal detachment

partial or complete separation of the retina from the choroid; results in blindness

 

Just look at those eyes! Can’t resist them, he’s going to be a charmer when he grows up!

 

Do you love “seeing” our content? Please share, subscribe, & like for more! 😀

 Copyright © 2021 Moosmosis Organization: All Rights Reserved

All rights reserved. This essay or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher. 

Please Subscribe and Like our Facebook page to support our open-access youth education initiatives! 🙂